See iren in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Surgery",
"orig": "enm:Surgery",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ang:īren<ety:from<ang:īsern>>",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁ēsh₂r̥no-der.?\nProto-Celtic *īsarnombor.\nProto-Germanic *īsarną\nProto-West Germanic *īsarn\nOld English īsern\nOld English īren\nMiddle English iren\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"iron\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"red\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"redlink\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₁ēsh₂r̥no-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Celtic\", \"term\" : \"*īsarnom\", \"lang\" : \"cel-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*īsarną\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*īsarn\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"īsern\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"īren\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"iren\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }\" data-lang=\"enm\" data-title=\"iren\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "īren"
},
"expansion": "Old English īren",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*īsarn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *īsarn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*īsarną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *īsarną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*īsarnom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *īsarnom",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁ēsh₂r̥no-der.?\nProto-Celtic *īsarnombor.\nProto-Germanic *īsarną\nProto-West Germanic *īsarn\nOld English īsern\nOld English īren\nMiddle English iren\nFrom Old English īren, variant of īsern, from Proto-West Germanic *īsarn, from Proto-Germanic *īsarną, from Proto-Celtic *īsarnom.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "irnes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "irin",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "iron",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "irn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "irne",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "yren",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "yrn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "yrne",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "eren",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "heren",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "heyron",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "hyrone",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "ieren",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "yeren",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "yrin",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "iryn",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Northern"
]
},
{
"form": "iryne",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Northern"
]
},
{
"form": "yirn",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"East-Anglia",
"especially"
]
},
{
"form": "yrun",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"East-Anglia",
"especially"
]
},
{
"form": "yryn",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"East-Anglia",
"especially"
]
},
{
"form": "hire",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ire",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "yre",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "yse",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ysen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "yzen",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Kent"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "iren",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "irnes"
},
"expansion": "iren (plural irnes)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "22 18 12 11 12 10 4 11",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Metals",
"orig": "enm:Metals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 11 10 9 9 8 21 14",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Weapons",
"orig": "enm:Weapons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Iron; the metal Fe or its ore."
],
"id": "en-iren-enm-noun-uuJEE-Vh",
"links": [
[
"Iron",
"iron"
],
[
"metal",
"metal"
],
[
"Fe",
"Fe#Translingual"
],
[
"ore",
"ore"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 16 25 10 12 10 10 6",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Law enforcement",
"orig": "enm:Law enforcement",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 18 12 11 12 10 4 11",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Metals",
"orig": "enm:Metals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 7 18 18 18 18 2 6",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Tools",
"orig": "enm:Tools",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An iron implement or tool:",
"A heated iron poker (for branding, cauterising, or trial by ordeal)"
],
"id": "en-iren-enm-noun-XUyhr42n",
"links": [
[
"iron",
"iron"
],
[
"implement",
"implement"
],
[
"tool",
"tool"
],
[
"heat",
"heat"
],
[
"iron",
"iron"
],
[
"poker",
"poker"
],
[
"branding",
"branding#English"
],
[
"cauterising",
"cauterising#English"
],
[
"trial",
"trial#English"
],
[
"ordeal",
"ordeal#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "22 18 12 11 12 10 4 11",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Metals",
"orig": "enm:Metals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 7 18 18 18 18 2 6",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Tools",
"orig": "enm:Tools",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An iron implement or tool:",
"A fetter or shackle."
],
"id": "en-iren-enm-noun-XDBJ5z3M",
"links": [
[
"iron",
"iron"
],
[
"implement",
"implement"
],
[
"tool",
"tool"
],
[
"fetter",
"fetter"
],
[
"shackle",
"shackle"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "22 18 12 11 12 10 4 11",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Metals",
"orig": "enm:Metals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 7 18 18 18 18 2 6",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Tools",
"orig": "enm:Tools",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An iron implement or tool:",
"One or more iron bars, fastenings or nails."
],
"id": "en-iren-enm-noun-ti4FD26C",
"links": [
[
"iron",
"iron"
],
[
"implement",
"implement"
],
[
"tool",
"tool"
],
[
"iron",
"iron"
],
[
"bar",
"bar"
],
[
"fastening",
"fastening"
],
[
"nail",
"nail"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "22 18 12 11 12 10 4 11",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Metals",
"orig": "enm:Metals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 7 18 18 18 18 2 6",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Tools",
"orig": "enm:Tools",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An iron implement or tool:",
"An iron part of a larger tool."
],
"id": "en-iren-enm-noun-6fxnM6hJ",
"links": [
[
"iron",
"iron"
],
[
"implement",
"implement"
],
[
"tool",
"tool"
],
[
"iron",
"iron"
],
[
"part",
"part"
],
[
"larger",
"larger"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 11 10 9 9 8 21 14",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Weapons",
"orig": "enm:Weapons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An iron or steel weapon."
],
"id": "en-iren-enm-noun-ELYh3URs",
"links": [
[
"iron",
"iron"
],
[
"steel",
"steel"
],
[
"weapon",
"weapon"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "16 3 12 12 12 12 3 29",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Armor",
"orig": "enm:Armor",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 18 12 11 12 10 4 11",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Metals",
"orig": "enm:Metals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 11 10 9 9 8 21 14",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Weapons",
"orig": "enm:Weapons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A piece of iron armour."
],
"id": "en-iren-enm-noun-kV0vHRG2",
"links": [
[
"piece",
"piece"
],
[
"iron",
"iron"
],
[
"armour",
"armour"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈiːrən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈiːr(ə)/",
"note": "Southern, South Midland"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈiːrn/",
"tags": [
"East",
"Midlands",
"Northern",
"especially"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈiːzən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈiːz(ə)/",
"note": "Kent, Middlesex"
}
],
"word": "iren"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Surgery",
"orig": "enm:Surgery",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Ottawa Valley",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "iern"
},
{
"lang": "Ottawa Valley",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "eirn"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "iron"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "airn"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "ern"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "irne"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "irne"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "airn"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "ern"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "irne"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "yrne"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "eeren"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ang:īren<ety:from<ang:īsern>>",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁ēsh₂r̥no-der.?\nProto-Celtic *īsarnombor.\nProto-Germanic *īsarną\nProto-West Germanic *īsarn\nOld English īsern\nOld English īren\nMiddle English iren\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"iron\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"red\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"redlink\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₁ēsh₂r̥no-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Celtic\", \"term\" : \"*īsarnom\", \"lang\" : \"cel-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*īsarną\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*īsarn\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"īsern\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"īren\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"iren\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }\" data-lang=\"enm\" data-title=\"iren\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "īren"
},
"expansion": "Old English īren",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*īsarn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *īsarn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*īsarną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *īsarną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*īsarnom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *īsarnom",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁ēsh₂r̥no-der.?\nProto-Celtic *īsarnombor.\nProto-Germanic *īsarną\nProto-West Germanic *īsarn\nOld English īsern\nOld English īren\nMiddle English iren\nFrom Old English īren, variant of īsern, from Proto-West Germanic *īsarn, from Proto-Germanic *īsarną, from Proto-Celtic *īsarnom.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "irin",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "iron",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "irn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "irne",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "yren",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "yrn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "yrne",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "eren",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "heren",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "heyron",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "hyrone",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "ieren",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "yeren",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "yrin",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "iryn",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Northern"
]
},
{
"form": "iryne",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Northern"
]
},
{
"form": "yirn",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"East-Anglia",
"especially"
]
},
{
"form": "yrun",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"East-Anglia",
"especially"
]
},
{
"form": "yryn",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"East-Anglia",
"especially"
]
},
{
"form": "hire",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ire",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "yre",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "yse",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ysen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "yzen",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Kent"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"10": "{{{3}}}",
"11": "",
"12": "{{{sup2}}}",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "{{{1}}}",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{2}}}",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{comp2}}}",
"9": "",
"f3l": "",
"f5l": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "iren",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "iren",
"name": "enm-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "34 8 22 8 13 8 2 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 8 22 7 13 8 2 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 9 21 9 14 9 1 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 11 20 5 14 9 2 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 11 20 4 14 10 2 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 12 21 2 14 10 1 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 11 19 6 13 8 2 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 11 19 5 13 9 2 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 18 12 11 12 10 4 11",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Metals",
"orig": "enm:Metals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 7 18 18 18 18 2 6",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Tools",
"orig": "enm:Tools",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 11 10 9 9 8 21 14",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Weapons",
"orig": "enm:Weapons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Made or consisting of iron."
],
"id": "en-iren-enm-adj-9ao~1pWt",
"links": [
[
"Made",
"made"
],
[
"consisting",
"consisting"
],
[
"iron",
"iron"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "aundire"
},
{
"word": "brandire"
},
{
"word": "gredire"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈiːrən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈiːr(ə)/",
"note": "Southern, South Midland"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈiːrn/",
"tags": [
"East",
"Midlands",
"Northern",
"especially"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈiːzən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈiːz(ə)/",
"note": "Kent, Middlesex"
}
],
"word": "iren"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English adjectives",
"Middle English entries with etymology trees",
"Middle English entries with etymon",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
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"Pages with 7 entries",
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"enm:Law enforcement",
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"enm:Weapons"
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},
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"name": "ety"
},
{
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"name": "inh"
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"name": "inh"
},
{
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},
{
"args": {
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"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*īsarnom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *īsarnom",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁ēsh₂r̥no-der.?\nProto-Celtic *īsarnombor.\nProto-Germanic *īsarną\nProto-West Germanic *īsarn\nOld English īsern\nOld English īren\nMiddle English iren\nFrom Old English īren, variant of īsern, from Proto-West Germanic *īsarn, from Proto-Germanic *īsarną, from Proto-Celtic *īsarnom.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "irnes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "irin",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "iron",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "irn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "irne",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "yren",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "yrn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "yrne",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "eren",
"tags": [
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"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "heren",
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"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "heyron",
"tags": [
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"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "hyrone",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "ieren",
"tags": [
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"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "yeren",
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"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "yrin",
"tags": [
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"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "iryn",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Northern"
]
},
{
"form": "iryne",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Northern"
]
},
{
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"especially"
]
},
{
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]
},
{
"form": "yryn",
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]
},
{
"form": "hire",
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]
},
{
"form": "ire",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"form": "yre",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"form": "yse",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ysen",
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},
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]
}
],
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"g": "",
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"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "iren",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "irnes"
},
"expansion": "iren (plural irnes)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Iron; the metal Fe or its ore."
],
"links": [
[
"Iron",
"iron"
],
[
"metal",
"metal"
],
[
"Fe",
"Fe#Translingual"
],
[
"ore",
"ore"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
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"A heated iron poker (for branding, cauterising, or trial by ordeal)"
],
"links": [
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"iron",
"iron"
],
[
"implement",
"implement"
],
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"tool",
"tool"
],
[
"heat",
"heat"
],
[
"iron",
"iron"
],
[
"poker",
"poker"
],
[
"branding",
"branding#English"
],
[
"cauterising",
"cauterising#English"
],
[
"trial",
"trial#English"
],
[
"ordeal",
"ordeal#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"An iron implement or tool:",
"A fetter or shackle."
],
"links": [
[
"iron",
"iron"
],
[
"implement",
"implement"
],
[
"tool",
"tool"
],
[
"fetter",
"fetter"
],
[
"shackle",
"shackle"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"An iron implement or tool:",
"One or more iron bars, fastenings or nails."
],
"links": [
[
"iron",
"iron"
],
[
"implement",
"implement"
],
[
"tool",
"tool"
],
[
"iron",
"iron"
],
[
"bar",
"bar"
],
[
"fastening",
"fastening"
],
[
"nail",
"nail"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"An iron implement or tool:",
"An iron part of a larger tool."
],
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[
"iron",
"iron"
],
[
"implement",
"implement"
],
[
"tool",
"tool"
],
[
"iron",
"iron"
],
[
"part",
"part"
],
[
"larger",
"larger"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"An iron or steel weapon."
],
"links": [
[
"iron",
"iron"
],
[
"steel",
"steel"
],
[
"weapon",
"weapon"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A piece of iron armour."
],
"links": [
[
"piece",
"piece"
],
[
"iron",
"iron"
],
[
"armour",
"armour"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈiːrən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈiːr(ə)/",
"note": "Southern, South Midland"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈiːrn/",
"tags": [
"East",
"Midlands",
"Northern",
"especially"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈiːzən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈiːz(ə)/",
"note": "Kent, Middlesex"
}
],
"word": "iren"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English adjectives",
"Middle English entries with etymology trees",
"Middle English entries with etymon",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Pages with inline etymon for redlinks",
"enm:Armor",
"enm:Law enforcement",
"enm:Metals",
"enm:Surgery",
"enm:Tools",
"enm:Weapons"
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Ottawa Valley",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "iern"
},
{
"lang": "Ottawa Valley",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "eirn"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "iron"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "airn"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "ern"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "irne"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "irne"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "airn"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "ern"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "irne"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "yrne"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "eeren"
}
],
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"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁ēsh₂r̥no-der.?\nProto-Celtic *īsarnombor.\nProto-Germanic *īsarną\nProto-West Germanic *īsarn\nOld English īsern\nOld English īren\nMiddle English iren\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"iron\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"red\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"redlink\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₁ēsh₂r̥no-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Celtic\", \"term\" : \"*īsarnom\", \"lang\" : \"cel-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*īsarną\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*īsarn\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"īsern\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"īren\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"iren\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }\" data-lang=\"enm\" data-title=\"iren\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "īren"
},
"expansion": "Old English īren",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*īsarn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *īsarn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
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},
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"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*īsarnom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *īsarnom",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁ēsh₂r̥no-der.?\nProto-Celtic *īsarnombor.\nProto-Germanic *īsarną\nProto-West Germanic *īsarn\nOld English īsern\nOld English īren\nMiddle English iren\nFrom Old English īren, variant of īsern, from Proto-West Germanic *īsarn, from Proto-Germanic *īsarną, from Proto-Celtic *īsarnom.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "irin",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "iron",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "irn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "irne",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "yren",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "yrn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "yrne",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "eren",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "heren",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "heyron",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "hyrone",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "ieren",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "yeren",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "yrin",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "iryn",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Northern"
]
},
{
"form": "iryne",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Northern"
]
},
{
"form": "yirn",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"East-Anglia",
"especially"
]
},
{
"form": "yrun",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"East-Anglia",
"especially"
]
},
{
"form": "yryn",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"East-Anglia",
"especially"
]
},
{
"form": "hire",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ire",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "yre",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "yse",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ysen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "yzen",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Kent"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"10": "{{{3}}}",
"11": "",
"12": "{{{sup2}}}",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "{{{1}}}",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{2}}}",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{comp2}}}",
"9": "",
"f3l": "",
"f5l": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "iren",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "iren",
"name": "enm-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "aundire"
},
{
"word": "brandire"
},
{
"word": "gredire"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Made or consisting of iron."
],
"links": [
[
"Made",
"made"
],
[
"consisting",
"consisting"
],
[
"iron",
"iron"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈiːrən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈiːr(ə)/",
"note": "Southern, South Midland"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈiːrn/",
"tags": [
"East",
"Midlands",
"Northern",
"especially"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈiːzən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈiːz(ə)/",
"note": "Kent, Middlesex"
}
],
"word": "iren"
}
Download raw JSONL data for iren meaning in Middle English (13.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-08-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-08-05 using wiktextract (872fc7b and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.