"iren" meaning in Middle English

See iren in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /ˈiːrən/, /ˈiːr(ə)/ (note: Southern, South Midland), /ˈiːrn/ [East, Midlands, Northern, especially], /ˈiːzən/, /ˈiːz(ə)/ (note: Kent, Middlesex)
Etymology: From Old English īren, variant of īsern, from Proto-West Germanic *īsarn, from Proto-Germanic *īsarną, from Proto-Celtic *īsarnom. Etymology templates: {{etymid|enm|iron}}, {{inh|enm|ang|īren}} Old English īren, {{inh|enm|gmw-pro|*īsarn}} Proto-West Germanic *īsarn, {{inh|enm|gem-pro|*īsarną}} Proto-Germanic *īsarną, {{der|enm|cel-pro|*īsarnom}} Proto-Celtic *īsarnom Head templates: {{head|enm|adjective||{{{1}}}||{{{2}}}||{{{3}}}|head=}} iren, {{enm-adj}} iren Forms: irin [alternative], iron [alternative], irn [alternative], irne [alternative], yren [alternative], yrn [alternative], yrne [alternative], eren [alternative, Late-Middle-English], heren [alternative, Late-Middle-English], heyron [alternative, Late-Middle-English], hyrone [alternative, Late-Middle-English], ieren [alternative, Late-Middle-English], yeren [alternative, Late-Middle-English], yrin [alternative, Late-Middle-English], iryn [alternative, Northern], iryne [alternative, Northern], yirn [alternative, East-Anglia, especially], yrun [alternative, East-Anglia, especially], yryn [alternative, East-Anglia, especially], hire [alternative], ire [alternative], yre [alternative], yse [alternative], ysen [alternative], yzen [alternative, Kent]
  1. Made or consisting of iron. Related terms: aundire, brandire, gredire
    Sense id: en-iren-enm-adj-9ao~1pWt Categories (other): Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 7 entries, Pages with entries, Metals, Tools, Weapons Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 33 9 21 9 14 9 1 4 Disambiguation of Pages with 7 entries: 36 11 20 4 14 10 2 4 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 38 12 21 2 14 10 1 2 Disambiguation of Metals: 22 18 12 11 12 10 4 11 Disambiguation of Tools: 11 7 18 18 18 18 2 6 Disambiguation of Weapons: 32 7 18 3 11 10 14 5
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Categories (other): Surgery Disambiguation of Surgery: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Noun

IPA: /ˈiːrən/, /ˈiːr(ə)/ (note: Southern, South Midland), /ˈiːrn/ [East, Midlands, Northern, especially], /ˈiːzən/, /ˈiːz(ə)/ (note: Kent, Middlesex)
Etymology: From Old English īren, variant of īsern, from Proto-West Germanic *īsarn, from Proto-Germanic *īsarną, from Proto-Celtic *īsarnom. Etymology templates: {{etymid|enm|iron}}, {{inh|enm|ang|īren}} Old English īren, {{inh|enm|gmw-pro|*īsarn}} Proto-West Germanic *īsarn, {{inh|enm|gem-pro|*īsarną}} Proto-Germanic *īsarną, {{der|enm|cel-pro|*īsarnom}} Proto-Celtic *īsarnom Head templates: {{head|enm|noun|g=|g2=|g3=|head=|sort=}} iren, {{enm-noun|irnes}} iren (plural irnes) Forms: irnes [plural], irin [alternative], iron [alternative], irn [alternative], irne [alternative], yren [alternative], yrn [alternative], yrne [alternative], eren [alternative, Late-Middle-English], heren [alternative, Late-Middle-English], heyron [alternative, Late-Middle-English], hyrone [alternative, Late-Middle-English], ieren [alternative, Late-Middle-English], yeren [alternative, Late-Middle-English], yrin [alternative, Late-Middle-English], iryn [alternative, Northern], iryne [alternative, Northern], yirn [alternative, East-Anglia, especially], yrun [alternative, East-Anglia, especially], yryn [alternative, East-Anglia, especially], hire [alternative], ire [alternative], yre [alternative], yse [alternative], ysen [alternative], yzen [alternative, Kent]
  1. Iron; the metal Fe or its ore.
    Sense id: en-iren-enm-noun-uuJEE-Vh Categories (other): Metals Disambiguation of Metals: 22 18 12 11 12 10 4 11
  2. An iron implement or tool:
    A heated iron poker (for branding, cauterising, or trial by ordeal)
    Sense id: en-iren-enm-noun-XUyhr42n Categories (other): Law enforcement, Metals, Tools Disambiguation of Law enforcement: 11 16 25 10 12 10 10 6 Disambiguation of Metals: 22 18 12 11 12 10 4 11 Disambiguation of Tools: 11 7 18 18 18 18 2 6
  3. An iron implement or tool:
    A fetter or shackle.
    Sense id: en-iren-enm-noun-XDBJ5z3M Categories (other): Metals, Tools Disambiguation of Metals: 22 18 12 11 12 10 4 11 Disambiguation of Tools: 11 7 18 18 18 18 2 6
  4. An iron implement or tool:
    One or more iron bars, fastenings or nails.
    Sense id: en-iren-enm-noun-ti4FD26C Categories (other): Metals, Tools Disambiguation of Metals: 22 18 12 11 12 10 4 11 Disambiguation of Tools: 11 7 18 18 18 18 2 6
  5. An iron implement or tool:
    An iron part of a larger tool.
    Sense id: en-iren-enm-noun-6fxnM6hJ Categories (other): Metals, Tools Disambiguation of Metals: 22 18 12 11 12 10 4 11 Disambiguation of Tools: 11 7 18 18 18 18 2 6
  6. An iron or steel weapon.
    Sense id: en-iren-enm-noun-ELYh3URs
  7. A piece of iron armour.
    Sense id: en-iren-enm-noun-kV0vHRG2 Categories (other): Armor, Metals Disambiguation of Armor: 16 3 12 12 12 12 3 29 Disambiguation of Metals: 22 18 12 11 12 10 4 11
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Categories (other): Surgery Disambiguation of Surgery: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Alternative forms

{
  "categories": [
    {
      "_dis": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "kind": "other",
      "langcode": "enm",
      "name": "Surgery",
      "orig": "enm:Surgery",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w+disamb"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "iron"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymid"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "īren"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English īren",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*īsarn"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *īsarn",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*īsarną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *īsarną",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*īsarnom"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *īsarnom",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old English īren, variant of īsern, from Proto-West Germanic *īsarn, from Proto-Germanic *īsarną, from Proto-Celtic *īsarnom.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "irnes",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "irin",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "iron",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "irn",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "irne",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yren",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yrn",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yrne",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "eren",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "heren",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "heyron",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hyrone",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ieren",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yeren",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yrin",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "iryn",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Northern"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "iryne",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Northern"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yirn",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "East-Anglia",
        "especially"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yrun",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "East-Anglia",
        "especially"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yryn",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "East-Anglia",
        "especially"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hire",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ire",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yre",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yse",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ysen",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yzen",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Kent"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "noun",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "iren",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "irnes"
      },
      "expansion": "iren (plural irnes)",
      "name": "enm-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "22 18 12 11 12 10 4 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Metals",
          "orig": "enm:Metals",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Iron; the metal Fe or its ore."
      ],
      "id": "en-iren-enm-noun-uuJEE-Vh",
      "links": [
        [
          "Iron",
          "iron"
        ],
        [
          "metal",
          "metal"
        ],
        [
          "Fe",
          "Fe#Translingual"
        ],
        [
          "ore",
          "ore"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "11 16 25 10 12 10 10 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Law enforcement",
          "orig": "enm:Law enforcement",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "22 18 12 11 12 10 4 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Metals",
          "orig": "enm:Metals",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "11 7 18 18 18 18 2 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Tools",
          "orig": "enm:Tools",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "An iron implement or tool:",
        "A heated iron poker (for branding, cauterising, or trial by ordeal)"
      ],
      "id": "en-iren-enm-noun-XUyhr42n",
      "links": [
        [
          "iron",
          "iron"
        ],
        [
          "implement",
          "implement"
        ],
        [
          "tool",
          "tool"
        ],
        [
          "heat",
          "heat"
        ],
        [
          "poker",
          "poker"
        ],
        [
          "branding",
          "branding#English"
        ],
        [
          "cauterising",
          "cauterising#English"
        ],
        [
          "trial",
          "trial#English"
        ],
        [
          "ordeal",
          "ordeal#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "22 18 12 11 12 10 4 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Metals",
          "orig": "enm:Metals",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "11 7 18 18 18 18 2 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Tools",
          "orig": "enm:Tools",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "An iron implement or tool:",
        "A fetter or shackle."
      ],
      "id": "en-iren-enm-noun-XDBJ5z3M",
      "links": [
        [
          "iron",
          "iron"
        ],
        [
          "implement",
          "implement"
        ],
        [
          "tool",
          "tool"
        ],
        [
          "fetter",
          "fetter"
        ],
        [
          "shackle",
          "shackle"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "22 18 12 11 12 10 4 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Metals",
          "orig": "enm:Metals",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "11 7 18 18 18 18 2 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Tools",
          "orig": "enm:Tools",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "An iron implement or tool:",
        "One or more iron bars, fastenings or nails."
      ],
      "id": "en-iren-enm-noun-ti4FD26C",
      "links": [
        [
          "iron",
          "iron"
        ],
        [
          "implement",
          "implement"
        ],
        [
          "tool",
          "tool"
        ],
        [
          "bar",
          "bar"
        ],
        [
          "fastening",
          "fastening"
        ],
        [
          "nail",
          "nail"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "22 18 12 11 12 10 4 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Metals",
          "orig": "enm:Metals",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "11 7 18 18 18 18 2 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Tools",
          "orig": "enm:Tools",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "An iron implement or tool:",
        "An iron part of a larger tool."
      ],
      "id": "en-iren-enm-noun-6fxnM6hJ",
      "links": [
        [
          "iron",
          "iron"
        ],
        [
          "implement",
          "implement"
        ],
        [
          "tool",
          "tool"
        ],
        [
          "part",
          "part"
        ],
        [
          "larger",
          "larger"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "An iron or steel weapon."
      ],
      "id": "en-iren-enm-noun-ELYh3URs",
      "links": [
        [
          "iron",
          "iron"
        ],
        [
          "steel",
          "steel"
        ],
        [
          "weapon",
          "weapon"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "16 3 12 12 12 12 3 29",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Armor",
          "orig": "enm:Armor",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "22 18 12 11 12 10 4 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Metals",
          "orig": "enm:Metals",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A piece of iron armour."
      ],
      "id": "en-iren-enm-noun-kV0vHRG2",
      "links": [
        [
          "piece",
          "piece"
        ],
        [
          "iron",
          "iron"
        ],
        [
          "armour",
          "armour"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈiːrən/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈiːr(ə)/",
      "note": "Southern, South Midland"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈiːrn/",
      "tags": [
        "East",
        "Midlands",
        "Northern",
        "especially"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈiːzən/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈiːz(ə)/",
      "note": "Kent, Middlesex"
    }
  ],
  "word": "iren"
}

{
  "categories": [
    {
      "_dis": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "kind": "other",
      "langcode": "enm",
      "name": "Surgery",
      "orig": "enm:Surgery",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w+disamb"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Ottawa Valley",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "word": "iern"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Ottawa Valley",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "word": "eirn"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Marshallese",
          "lang_code": "mh",
          "raw_tags": [
            "borrowed"
          ],
          "word": "aen"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "iron"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "airn"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "ern"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "irne"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Scots",
      "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
      "word": "irne"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "airn"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "ern"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "irne"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Scots",
      "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
      "word": "yrne"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Yola",
      "lang_code": "yol",
      "word": "eeren"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "iron"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymid"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "īren"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English īren",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*īsarn"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *īsarn",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*īsarną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *īsarną",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*īsarnom"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *īsarnom",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old English īren, variant of īsern, from Proto-West Germanic *īsarn, from Proto-Germanic *īsarną, from Proto-Celtic *īsarnom.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "irin",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "iron",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "irn",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "irne",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yren",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yrn",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yrne",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "eren",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "heren",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "heyron",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hyrone",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ieren",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yeren",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yrin",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "iryn",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Northern"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "iryne",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Northern"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yirn",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "East-Anglia",
        "especially"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yrun",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "East-Anglia",
        "especially"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yryn",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "East-Anglia",
        "especially"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hire",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ire",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yre",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yse",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ysen",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yzen",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Kent"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "adjective",
        "3": "",
        "4": "{{{1}}}",
        "5": "",
        "6": "{{{2}}}",
        "7": "",
        "8": "{{{3}}}",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "iren",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "iren",
      "name": "enm-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "33 9 21 9 14 9 1 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "36 11 20 4 14 10 2 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 7 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "38 12 21 2 14 10 1 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "22 18 12 11 12 10 4 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Metals",
          "orig": "enm:Metals",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "11 7 18 18 18 18 2 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Tools",
          "orig": "enm:Tools",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "32 7 18 3 11 10 14 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Weapons",
          "orig": "enm:Weapons",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Made or consisting of iron."
      ],
      "id": "en-iren-enm-adj-9ao~1pWt",
      "links": [
        [
          "Made",
          "made"
        ],
        [
          "consisting",
          "consisting"
        ],
        [
          "iron",
          "iron"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "aundire"
        },
        {
          "word": "brandire"
        },
        {
          "word": "gredire"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈiːrən/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈiːr(ə)/",
      "note": "Southern, South Midland"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈiːrn/",
      "tags": [
        "East",
        "Midlands",
        "Northern",
        "especially"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈiːzən/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈiːz(ə)/",
      "note": "Kent, Middlesex"
    }
  ],
  "word": "iren"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Middle English adjectives",
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English nouns",
    "Middle English terms derived from Old English",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Pages with 7 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "enm:Armor",
    "enm:Law enforcement",
    "enm:Metals",
    "enm:Surgery",
    "enm:Tools",
    "enm:Weapons"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "iron"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymid"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "īren"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English īren",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*īsarn"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *īsarn",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*īsarną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *īsarną",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*īsarnom"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *īsarnom",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old English īren, variant of īsern, from Proto-West Germanic *īsarn, from Proto-Germanic *īsarną, from Proto-Celtic *īsarnom.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "irnes",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "irin",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "iron",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "irn",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "irne",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yren",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yrn",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yrne",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "eren",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "heren",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "heyron",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hyrone",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ieren",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yeren",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yrin",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "iryn",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Northern"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "iryne",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Northern"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yirn",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "East-Anglia",
        "especially"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yrun",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "East-Anglia",
        "especially"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yryn",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "East-Anglia",
        "especially"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hire",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ire",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yre",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yse",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ysen",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yzen",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Kent"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "noun",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "iren",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "irnes"
      },
      "expansion": "iren (plural irnes)",
      "name": "enm-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Iron; the metal Fe or its ore."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Iron",
          "iron"
        ],
        [
          "metal",
          "metal"
        ],
        [
          "Fe",
          "Fe#Translingual"
        ],
        [
          "ore",
          "ore"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "An iron implement or tool:",
        "A heated iron poker (for branding, cauterising, or trial by ordeal)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "iron",
          "iron"
        ],
        [
          "implement",
          "implement"
        ],
        [
          "tool",
          "tool"
        ],
        [
          "heat",
          "heat"
        ],
        [
          "poker",
          "poker"
        ],
        [
          "branding",
          "branding#English"
        ],
        [
          "cauterising",
          "cauterising#English"
        ],
        [
          "trial",
          "trial#English"
        ],
        [
          "ordeal",
          "ordeal#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "An iron implement or tool:",
        "A fetter or shackle."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "iron",
          "iron"
        ],
        [
          "implement",
          "implement"
        ],
        [
          "tool",
          "tool"
        ],
        [
          "fetter",
          "fetter"
        ],
        [
          "shackle",
          "shackle"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "An iron implement or tool:",
        "One or more iron bars, fastenings or nails."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "iron",
          "iron"
        ],
        [
          "implement",
          "implement"
        ],
        [
          "tool",
          "tool"
        ],
        [
          "bar",
          "bar"
        ],
        [
          "fastening",
          "fastening"
        ],
        [
          "nail",
          "nail"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "An iron implement or tool:",
        "An iron part of a larger tool."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "iron",
          "iron"
        ],
        [
          "implement",
          "implement"
        ],
        [
          "tool",
          "tool"
        ],
        [
          "part",
          "part"
        ],
        [
          "larger",
          "larger"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "An iron or steel weapon."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "iron",
          "iron"
        ],
        [
          "steel",
          "steel"
        ],
        [
          "weapon",
          "weapon"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A piece of iron armour."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "piece",
          "piece"
        ],
        [
          "iron",
          "iron"
        ],
        [
          "armour",
          "armour"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈiːrən/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈiːr(ə)/",
      "note": "Southern, South Midland"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈiːrn/",
      "tags": [
        "East",
        "Midlands",
        "Northern",
        "especially"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈiːzən/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈiːz(ə)/",
      "note": "Kent, Middlesex"
    }
  ],
  "word": "iren"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Middle English adjectives",
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English nouns",
    "Middle English terms derived from Old English",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Pages with 7 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "enm:Armor",
    "enm:Law enforcement",
    "enm:Metals",
    "enm:Surgery",
    "enm:Tools",
    "enm:Weapons"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Ottawa Valley",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "word": "iern"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Ottawa Valley",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "word": "eirn"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Marshallese",
          "lang_code": "mh",
          "raw_tags": [
            "borrowed"
          ],
          "word": "aen"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "iron"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "airn"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "ern"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "irne"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Scots",
      "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
      "word": "irne"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "airn"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "ern"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "irne"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Scots",
      "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
      "word": "yrne"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Yola",
      "lang_code": "yol",
      "word": "eeren"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "iron"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymid"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "īren"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English īren",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*īsarn"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *īsarn",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*īsarną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *īsarną",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*īsarnom"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *īsarnom",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old English īren, variant of īsern, from Proto-West Germanic *īsarn, from Proto-Germanic *īsarną, from Proto-Celtic *īsarnom.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "irin",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "iron",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "irn",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "irne",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yren",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yrn",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yrne",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "eren",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "heren",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "heyron",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hyrone",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ieren",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yeren",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yrin",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "iryn",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Northern"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "iryne",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Northern"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yirn",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "East-Anglia",
        "especially"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yrun",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "East-Anglia",
        "especially"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yryn",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "East-Anglia",
        "especially"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hire",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ire",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yre",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yse",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ysen",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yzen",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Kent"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "adjective",
        "3": "",
        "4": "{{{1}}}",
        "5": "",
        "6": "{{{2}}}",
        "7": "",
        "8": "{{{3}}}",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "iren",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "iren",
      "name": "enm-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "adj",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "aundire"
    },
    {
      "word": "brandire"
    },
    {
      "word": "gredire"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Made or consisting of iron."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Made",
          "made"
        ],
        [
          "consisting",
          "consisting"
        ],
        [
          "iron",
          "iron"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈiːrən/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈiːr(ə)/",
      "note": "Southern, South Midland"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈiːrn/",
      "tags": [
        "East",
        "Midlands",
        "Northern",
        "especially"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈiːzən/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈiːz(ə)/",
      "note": "Kent, Middlesex"
    }
  ],
  "word": "iren"
}

Download raw JSONL data for iren meaning in Middle English (8.8kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-03-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-03-03 using wiktextract (05c257f and 9d9a410). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.